274 Biomarkers
| Biomarker | Source | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| macular parameters of glaucoma | Tissue | diagnosis | Hung KC,et al.Clin Exp Optom. 2015 |
| conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) | machine | prediction | Charlotte M McKnight et al,Clin Exp Ophthalmol . May-Jun 2015 |
| retinal vessel narrowing | diagnosis | Tan AG, et al. Ophthalmology. 2008 | |
| OCT angiography | DNA | prognosis | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| reduction in SHRM thickness | tissue | prognosis | Philipp K Roberts et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2019 |
| PCFP | eyes | diagnosis | D Pauleikhoff et al.Arch Ophthalmol . 1999 |
| BMO-MRW | machine | diagnosis | Balwantray C Chauhan et al.Ophthalmology . 2013 |
| choroidal thickness | machine | progression | Burak Bilgin et al.Int Ophthalmol . 2020 |
| AVR-BVC | machine | diagnosis | Minhaj Alam Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sc，2018 |
| hyperreflective walls in foveal cystoid spaces | Machine | treatment | Noriko Terada et al. Sci Rep. 2020 |
| white dots | Machine | diagnosis | Yoko Dodo et al. PLoS One. 2016 |
| refractive error | machine | prediction | Saskia H M van Romunde et al,J Ophthalmol . 2013 |
| anterior chamber depth (ACD) | machine | prediction | Saskia H M van Romunde et al,J Ophthalmol . 2013 |
| axial length (AL) | machine | prediction | Saskia H M van Romunde et al,J Ophthalmol . 2013 |
| pigment epithelial detachment height | eye | prognosis | Chan, Clement K et al. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol. 2010 |
| optical density ratios (ODRs) | eye | prognosis | Ahlers, Christian et al. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 2009 |
| retinal flavoprotein autofluorescence | eye | prediction | Elner, Susan G et al. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society vol. 2008 |
| FAZ-A | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| FAZ-CI | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| AVC | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| VT | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| VDd | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| lens thickness (LT) | machine | prediction | Zhangliang Li et al.J Cataract Refract Surg . 2018 |
| neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio | Blood | diagnosis | Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021 |
| vessel density (VD) | Tissue | prediction | Sun J et al. J Ophthalmol. 2019 Aug |
| scleral thickness | Tissue | prediction | Dhakal R et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020 Apr 9 |
| choroidal thickness (CT) | Tissue | diagnosis | Fang Y et al.Ophthalmology. 2019 Jul |
| corneal stress-strain index (SSI) | Tissue | diagnosis | Han F et al.BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 Nov 19 |
| paravascular vitreal adhesions | Tissue | prediction | Takahashi H et al.Ophthalmology. 2021 |
| dermatoglyphics | Tissue | diagnosis | Sretić L et al.Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019 |
| stiffness parameter A1 (SP-A1) | Tissue | diagnosis | Zhao Y et al.Front Physiol. 2019 |
| choroidal thickness | Tissue | diagnosis | Chalam KV et al. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2019 |
| optic nerve head (ONH) | Tissue | diagnosis | Kim YC et al.J Glaucoma. 2019 |
| posterior sclera configuration parameters | Tissue | diagnosis | Kim YC et al.J Glaucoma. 2019 |
| highly myopic eyes with chorioretinal patchy atrophy (PA) | Tissue | prediction | Lo J et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020 |
| conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) | Blood | prediction | Kearney S et al.Clin Exp Optom. 2019 |
| conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) | Tissue | prediction | Sherwin JC et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 |
| corneal K-values | Tissue | prediction | Luebke J et al.Cornea. 2017 |
| choroidal thickness (CT) | Tissue | prediction | Zhou Y et al. J Ophthalmol. 2018 |
| choroidal thickness | Tissue | prediction | Li Z et al. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020 |
| conjunctival MUC5AC+ goblet cell index | Tissue | prediction | Chao C et al.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018 |
| axial length (AL) | Tissue | prediction | Liu B et al.BMC Ophthalmol. 2018 |
| a bullous configuration | Tissue | prediction | Callizo J et al.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017 |
| choroidal thickness | Tissue | prediction | Nishida Y et al.Retina. 2012 |
| anterior lamina cribrosa surface tilt | Tissue | prediction | Lee EJ et al. J Glaucoma. 2017 |
| percent tissue altered | Tissue | prognosis | Santhiago MR,et al.Am J Ophthalmol. 2014 |
| corneal deformation characteristics | Tissue | diagnosis | Ma J, Wang Y,et al. J Refract Surg. 2021 |
| mean cycloplegic | Tissue | prediction | Zadnik K,et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 |
| spherical refractive error | Tissue | prediction | Zadnik K,et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 |
| the grating acuity | tissue | prognosis | Sahni J,et al. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 |
| axial length/corneal radius ratio | tissue | prediction | Yebra-Pimentel E,Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2004 |
| peripapillary detachment in pathologic myopia (PDPM) | tissue | prediction | Shimada N,et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 |
| preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) | tissue | prognosis | Du CX,Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2005 |
| preoperative corneal thickness | tissue | prognosis | Du CX,Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2005 |
| spherical equivalent correction | tissue | prognosis | Du CX,Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2005 |
| one-week postoperative corneal thickness | tissue | prognosis | Du CX,Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2005 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | tissue | prediction | Oliveira C, et al.J Glaucoma. 2006 Jun |
| parafoveal VD in the superficial layer at baseline | OCT angiography | prognosis | Hsieh, Yi-Ting et al.Ophthalmology. Retina vol.2019 |
| ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) | machine | treatment | Bahrami, Bobak et al.Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina vol.2019 |
| parallelism (a parameter that comprehensively reflects photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex alterations) | machine | prognosis | Uji, Akihito et al. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) vol. 2018 |
| AVR-BVC | machine | diagnosis | Minhaj Alam Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sc，2018 |
| disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) | machine | prediction | Jennifer K Sun,JAMA Ophthalmol .2014 |
| US detection of MAC | machine | diagnosis | Kin Hung Liu,Radiology . 2012 |
| hyperreflective foci (HF) | Tissue | diagnosis | Umberto De Benedetto et al. Retina. 2015 |
| retinal oximetry | retina | diagnosis | Y Yang et al. Diabet Med. 2012 |
| extrafoveal avascular area (EAA) | Eye | diagnosis | Yansha Lu et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 |
| hyperreflective foci (HF) | tissue | diagnosis | Benjamin S Echols et al.Ophthalmol Retina . 2020 |
| macular pigment optical density | tissue | prediction | Norihiro Nagai et al.J Clin Med . 2020 |
| and photoreceptor outer segment length | tissue | prediction | Norihiro Nagai et al.J Clin Med . 2020 |
| distinctive opacities of cataract | machine | prediction | C M Seery et al,Am J Ophthalmol . 1990 |
| macular vessel reduction | machine | prognosis | Taiji Hasegawa et al,Br J Ophthalmol . 2019 Oct |
| hyperreflective foci (HF) | machine | prediction | Maurizio Battaglia Parodi et al,Retina . 2018 Dec |
| choroidal vascularity index (CVI) | machine | prediction | Dhanashree Ratra et al,Retina . 2018 Dec |
| drusen | machine | prediction | Lisa Nivison-Smith et al,Optom Vis Sci . 2018 |
| subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) | machine | prognosis | Russell Pokroy et al,Retina . 2018 |
| macular retinal volume (MRV) | machine | diagnosis | Claus von der Burchard et al,Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 2018 |
| subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) | machine | prognosis | Mahdy Ranjbar et al,Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2018 |
| focally increased autofluorescence (FIAF) | eye | progression | Smith, R Theodore et al. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 2006 |
| drusen | eye | progression | Smith, R Theodore et al. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 2006 |
| pigment | eye | progression | Smith, R Theodore et al. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science vol. 2006 |
| parapapillary autofluorescence (PAF) | eye | prediction | Viestenz, A et al. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde vol. 2006 |
| parapapillary autofluorescence (PAF) | eye | prediction | Viestenz, A et al. Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde vol. 2006 |
| cone spacing measures | machine | treatment | Shiri Zayit-Soudry et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2015 |
| subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) | machine | prediction | Alex S Willoughby et al.Ophthalmology . 2015 |
| choroidal endothelial dysfunction | machine | prediction | Hasan Basri Arifoglu et al.Aging Clin Exp Res . 2016 |
| microaneurysm (MA) | machine | prognosis | Rasmussen, M L et al. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie vol. 2015 |
| high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) | machine | prognosis | Byeon, Suk Ho et al. Ophthalmology vol.2009 |
| hyperreflective foci (HF) | Eye | prognosis | Vivian Schreur et al. Retina. 2020 |
| aqueous flare | retina | Tuna Celik Buyuktepe et al. Ophthalmologica. 2020 | |
| long anterior zonule (LAZ) | Tissue | prediction | Roberts DK et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 |
| baseline age | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| horizontal cup-disc ratio | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| pattern standard deviation (PSD) | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| vertical | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| vertical and horizontal cup-disc ratio | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| intraocular pressure | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| pattern standard deviation (PSD) | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| intraocular pressure | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| central retinal thickness (CRT) | Tissue | prediction | Gordon MO et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 |
| optic disc hemorrhages | Tissue | prediction | Ozturker ZK et al.Can J Ophthalmol. 2017 |
| spontaneous retinal venous pulsatility (SRVP) | Tissue | diagnosis | Golzan SM et al.PLoS One. 2015 |
| IOP fluctuation | Tisuue | prediction | Cheung CY et al.Br J Ophthalmol. 2020 |
| skin autofluorescence (sAF) | mechine | prediction | Schweitzer C et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018 |
| baseline IOP | tissue | prognosis | Hodge WG,Br J Ophthalmol. 2005 |
| optic disc hemorrhages | tissue | diagnosis | Gracitelli CP, PLoS One. 2014 |
| cup shape measure | tissue | prognosis | Harju M,Br J Ophthalmol. 2001 |
| intraocular pressure (IOP) | tissue | prognosis | Shaarawy T,Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 |
| visual field index | tissue | diagnosis | Giraud JM, J Fr Ophtalmol. 2010 |
| in Ocular Hypertension | tissue | diagnosis | Giraud JM, J Fr Ophtalmol. 2010 |
| optic nerve head (ONH) | tissue | diagnosis | Caprioli J,Arch Ophthalmol. 1985 |
| Intraocular pressure | tissue | prognosis | García-Pérez JL, J Cataract Refract Surg. 2008 |
| Blue-on-yellow perimetry | tissue | diagnosis | Johnson CA, Arch Ophthalmol. 1993 |
| percent tissue altered (PTA) | Tissue | prognosis | Nemet A,Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 |
| optic disk | Tissue | diagnosis | Makashova NV,Vestn Oftalmol. 2007 |
| hyperreflective foci (HF) | machine | prediction | Serena Fragiotta et al,Retina . 2018 Feb |
| the delta width of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment | machine | prediction | Serena Fragiotta et al,Retina . 2018 Feb |
| hyperreflective material (HRM) | machine | prediction | Giuseppe Casalino et al,Ophthalmol Retina . 2018 |
| multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) | machine | prediction | Faran Sabeti et al,Sci Rep. 2017 |
| multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) | machine | prediction | Faran Sabeti et al,Sci Rep. 2017 |
| ellipsoid zone (EZ) intensity | machine | prediction | Thomas J Gin et al,Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2017 |
| drusen volume | machine | prediction | Nizar Saleh Abdelfattah et al,Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2016 |
| subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) | machine | prediction | Jin Young Lee et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2013 |
| outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness | machine | prediction | Sam Sadigh et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2013 |
| retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) | machine | prediction | Sasan Moghimi et al.Ophthalmology . 2018 |
| CVP in red-free RNFL images | blood | prediction | Yong Ju Song et al.pn J Ophthalmol . 2017 |
| RGC+IPL loss | machine | prediction | Alisa J Prager et al.JAMA Ophthalmol . 2017 |
| segmented IPL thickness | machine | prediction | Eun Kyoung Kim et al.PLoS One . 2017 |
| increased peripapillary atrophy | eye | progression | Makashova, N V, and E G Eliseeva. Vestnik oftalmologii vol. 2007 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | eye | progression | European Glaucoma Prevention Study (EGPS) Group et al. Ophthalmology vol. 2007 |
| vertical C/D ratio asymmetry | eye | progression | European Glaucoma Prevention Study (EGPS) Group et al. Ophthalmology vol. 2007 |
| peripapillary NFL thickness | eye | diagnosis | Leung, Christopher K S et al.Ophthalmology vol.2005 |
| entropion uveae (EU) | eye | diagnosis | Sihota, R et al. European journal of ophthalmology vol. 2004 |
| oscillatory potentials (OPs) | eye | diagnosis | Lan, Y et al. Yan ke xue bao = Eye science vol. 1992 |
| intrinsically photosensitive (melanopsin) retinal ganglion cell | Tissue | prediction | Feigl B et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 |
| nail bed hemorrhage | Tissue | prediction | Park HY et al.Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | Tissue | prediction | Iyamu E et al.Afr J Med Med Sci. 2008 |
| foveal avascular zone (FAZ) perimeter | Tissue | prediction | Kwon J et al.J Glaucoma. 2017 |
| nasalized location of central retinal vessel trunk (CRVT) at baseline | Tissue | prediction | Shon K et al.Sci Rep. 2020 |
| nerve fiber indicator (NFI) | Tissue | prediction | Iester M et al.J Glaucoma. 2006 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | Tissue | prediction | Hewitt AW et al.Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005 |
| the level of retinal blood flow | Blood | prediction | Logan JF et al.Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 |
| multifocal ERG wavelet packet decomposition | Tissue | diagnosis | Miguel-Jiménez JM et al.Biomed Eng Online. 2011 |
| MP index | Tissue | prediction | Levine RA et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 |
| IOP asymmetry | Tissue | prediction | Levine RA et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 |
| binocular test point asymmetry | Tissue | prediction | Levine RA et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 |
| older individuals' retinal thickness (RT) | Tissue | prediction | Jampel H et al.J Glaucoma. 2009 |
| iris thickness | Tissue | prediction | Atalay E et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 |
| vertical C/D ratio | Tissue | prediction | Miglior S et al.Ophthalmology. 2007 |
| vertical C/D ratio asymmetry | Tissue | prediction | Miglior S et al.Ophthalmology. 2007 |
| pattern standard deviation (PSD) | Tissue | prediction | Miglior S et al.Ophthalmology. 2007 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | Tissue | prediction | Miglior S et al.Ophthalmology. 2007 |
| retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) | Tissue | prediction | Khanal S et al.J Optom. 2014 |
| retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) | tissue | diagnosis | Quigley HA,Arch Ophthalmol. 1980 |
| retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness | tissue | diagnosis | Greenfield DS,Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 |
| Intraocular pressure (IOP) | tissue | prognosis | Elahi S,J Glaucoma. 2020 |
| retinal ganglion cell counts | cellular | diagnosis | Rolle T,Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016 |
| retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) | tissue | diagnosis | Li M. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 1990 |
| ocular perfusion pressure | tissue | prognosis | Lee J,Epub 2015 |
| choroidal thickness (CT) | tissue | diagnosis | Kurysheva NI,Epub 2016 |
| lamina cribrosa depth (LCD) | tissue | prediction | Kim YN,Korean J Ophthalmol. 2018 |
| spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) | tissue | prognosis | Abegão Pinto L, Epub 2012 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | tissue | prognosis | Fernandez-Bahamonde JL, Semin Ophthalmol. 2011 |
| choroidal volume | tissue | prediction | Sullivan-Mee M,Epub 2015 |
| beta-zone parapapillary atrophy | tissue | prediction | Sullivan-Mee M,Epub 2015 |
| axial length (AL) | tissue | diagnosis | Sihota R,Epub 2007 |
| anterior chamber depth (ACD) | tissue | diagnosis | Sihota R,Epub 2007 |
| lens thickness (LT) | tissue | diagnosis | Sihota R,Epub 2007 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | tissue | diagnosis | Sihota R,Epub 2007 |
| optic nerve head (ONH) | tissue | prognosis | Moghimi S, Ophthalmology. 2018 |
| macular vessel density (VD) | tissue | prognosis | Moghimi S, Ophthalmology. 2018 |
| retinal vascular fractal dimension | machine | prognosis | Broe, Rebecca et al.Diabetologia vol. 2014 |
| dynamic retinoscopy | machine | diagnosis | Somer, Deniz et al.Journal of binocular vision and ocular motility vol. 2018 |
| GCC thickness and microperimetry integrated with fluorescein angiography | machine | diagnosis | Cennamo, Gilda et al. Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie vol. 2015 |
| autofluorescence (AF) | machine | prognosis | Hirano, Takao et al.Journal of diabetes and its complications vol.2014 |
| autofluorescence (AF) | Corneal | Ramyaa Srinivasan et al.Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2020 | |
| disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) | machine | treatment | Dinah Zur et al. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020 |
| peripapillary retinal thickness | Eye | prediction/diagnosis | Hee Yoon Cho et al. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2010 |
| the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction | Eye | prediction | Anjali S Maheshwary et al. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010 |
| vascular density(VD) | retina | prediction | Fariba Ghassemi et al. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021 |
| retinal venular diameter | standard field retinal photographs | progression | Monique S Roy，Arch Ophthalmol ，2011 |
| reduced ONH perfusion inside the optic disc | machine | diagnosis | Zijing Li，Acta Diabetol . 2019 |
| a high microaneurysm formation rate | machine | progression | Sandrina Nunes，Ophthalmologica . 2009 |
| perfusion index (PI) | tissue | progression | Alexander D Lin，Br J Ophthalmol . 2017 |
| ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) | machine | treatment | Bobak Bahrami，Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina . 2019 |
| microaneurysm (MA) count | machine | prediction | M L Rasmussen，Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 2015 |
| pseudodrusen | machine | prognosis | Sotaro Ooto etal.Retina . 2015 |
| vessel density (VD) | machine | prognosis | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| interpupillary distance (IPD) | machine | prognosis | Ichiya Sano et al.Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 |
| small degrees of anisometropia | machine | prediction | Ian Flitcroft et al.Br J Ophthalmol. 2020 |
| anterior chamber depth (ACD) | machine | prognosis | Xiaona Ning et al.BMC Ophthalmol. 2019 |
| preoperative INL thickness | machine | prognosis | Byung Gil Moon et al.Retina. 2020 |
| subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) | machine | prediction | Rachel C Druckenbrod, Baharak Asefzadeh et al. Optom Vis Sci. 2020 |
| lens thickness (LT) | machine | prediction | Zhangliang Li et al. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2018 |
| minimum rim width (MRW) | machine | prediction | Claudia Piona et al.Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020 |
| neuroretinal rim (NRR) thicknesses | machine | diagnosis | Tzu-Yang Tai et al.J Chin Med Assoc . 2020 |
| normal accommodation on dynamic retinoscopy | machine | prediction | Deniz Somer et al.J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil . Apr-Jun 2018 |
| corneal vertical coma | machine | diagnosis/prediction | Ariela Gordon-Shaag et al.Optom Vis Sci . 2012 |
| ocular vertical coma | machine | diagnosis/prediction | Ariela Gordon-Shaag et al.Optom Vis Sci . 2012 |
| the inferior-superior dioptric asymmetry | machine | diagnosis/prediction | Ariela Gordon-Shaag et al.Optom Vis Sci . 2012 |
| ocular higher order total root mean square | machine | diagnosis/prediction | Ariela Gordon-Shaag et al.Optom Vis Sci . 2012 |
| the macular vessel density (VD) | machine | diagnosis | Jaewan Choi et al.PLoS One . 2017 |
| foveal avascular zone (FAZ) | machine | diagnosis | Jaewan Choi et al.PLoS One . 2017 |
| the posterior pole curvature index (PPCI) | machine | diagnosis | Sawsan R Nowilaty et al.Ophthalmology . 2013 |
| axial length (AL) | machine | diagnosis | Sawsan R Nowilaty et al.Ophthalmology . 2013 |
| temporal/nasal ratio of MBR in the tissue area: T/N MT | machine | diagnosis | Wataru Kobayashi et al.J Ophthalmol . 2014 |
| gonioscopically narrow angles | machine | prediction | Michael I Seider et al.J Glaucoma . Oct-Nov 2009; |
| axial length (AL) | machine | prediction | Akira Obana et al.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 2014 |
| anterior chamber depth (ACD) | machine | prediction | Saskia H M van Romunde et al,J Ophthalmol . 2013 |
| axial length (AL) | machine | prediction | Saskia H M van Romunde et al,J Ophthalmol . 2013 |
| optic nerve pallor | machine | prediction | Tomas S Aleman et al.Transl Vis Sci Technol . 2014 |
| the interocular mean deviation difference | machine | prediction | S P Bobak et al.Doc Ophthalmol . 1998-1999 |
| an enlargement of parapapillary atrophy | machine | diagnosis | Wido M Budde et al.Am J Ophthalmol . 2004 |
| relative peripapillary retinal surface height (RPSH) | machine | diagnosis | H J Park et al.Korean J Ophthalmol . 1997 |
| increased disk size | machine | diagnosis | Lan Wang et al .Am J Ophthalmol . 2003 |
| segmented IPL thickness | machine | prognosis | Eun Kyoung Kim et al.PLoS One . 2017 |
| the macular ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT) | machine | prediction | Hiroko Inuzuka J Glaucoma . 2014 |
| the degree of curvature of the retinal artery trajectory (RAT) | machine | prediction | Takehiro Yamashita Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2015 |
| generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing | machine | prognosis | Paul Mitchell Ophthalmology . 2005 |
| macular NFL thickness, | machine | diagnosis | Christopher K S Leung Ophthalmology . 2005 |
| total macular thickness | machine | diagnosis | Christopher K S Leung Ophthalmology . 2005 |
| peripapillary NFL thickness | machine | diagnosis | Christopher K S Leung Ophthalmology . 2005 |
| retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning | machine | prediction | Stuart K Gardiner Am J Ophthalmol . 2016 |
| the optic nerve diameter (OND) | machine | prognosis | Wolf A Lagrèze Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2009 |
| the BM opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) | machine | prediction | Balwantray C Chauhan Ophthalmology . 2013 |
| peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) | machine | prediction | Xinbo Zhang Am J Ophthalmol . 2016 |
| macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) | machine | prediction | Xinbo Zhang Am J Ophthalmol . 2017 |
| microvasculature dropout (MvD | machine | prognosis | Hae-Young Lopilly Park Ophthalmology . 2018 |
| OCT parameters including retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex | machine | prediction | Omer Karti Clin Exp Optom . 2017 |
| average and 7 clock-hour RNFL thicknesses | machine | diagnosis | Carlos Salvador Fernandez Escamez Int J Ophthalmol . 2021 |
| the FA value of the optic tract | machine | diagnosis | Mu Li Exp Ther Med . 2019 |
| macular vessel density (VD) | machine | diagnosis | Yanjiao Huo Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol . 2021 |
| macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL) | machine | diagnosis | Luis G Aquino J Curr Glaucoma Pract . May-Aug 2020; |
| visual field index (VFI) | machine | diagnosis | Natalia A Iutaka J Ophthalmic Vis Res . Jan-Mar 2017 |
| macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) thickness | machine | prognosis | Ayako Anraku J Ophthalmol . 2017 |
| lower superficial vessel density | machine | prognosis | Harsha L Rao J Glaucoma . 2021 |
| ganglion cell layer (GCL) + inner plexiform layer (IPL) | machine | prediction | Tadashi Nakano Clin Ophthalmol . 2016 |
| regional reduced macula VD | machine | diagnosis | Bettina Hohberger PLoS One . 2021 |
| the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness | machine | prediction | Alexandros Takis Clin Ophthalmol . 2017 |
| bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) | machine | prognosis | Kyoichi Mizumoto，Clin Ophthalmol . 2014 |
| radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus density | machine | prognosis | Huang, Jianfeng et al.Journal of ophthalmology vol. 2020 |
| hyperreflective foci (HF) | Eye | diagnosis | M Arthi et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021 |
| focal retinal thinning (FRT) | retina | diagnosis | Rony Carlos Preti et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021 |
| ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness | retina | diagnosis | Gilda Cennamo et al. Can J Ophthalmol. 2015 |
| microvascular impairment | Eye | Fabio Scarinci et al. Sci Rep. 2020 | |
| hyperreflective foci (HF) | sample | prognosis | Irini P Chatziralli，Retina . 2016 |
| central subfield thickness and cube average thickness | tissue | progression | Sukriti Ahuja ，Int J Retina Vitreous . 2018 |
| crossing capillaries in the finger nailfold | tissue | prediction | Maiko Shikama，J Diabetes Investig . 2021 |
| FAZ-A | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| FAZ-CI | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| AVC | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| VT | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| VDd | machine | treatment | Yi-Ting Hsieh et al.Ophthalmol Retina. 2019 |
| lens thickness (LT) | machine | prediction | Zhangliang Li et al.J Cataract Refract Surg . 2018 |
| cone spacing measures | machine | treatment | Shiri Zayit-Soudry et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2015 |
| subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) | machine | prediction | Alex S Willoughby et al.Ophthalmology . 2015 |
| choroidal endothelial dysfunction | machine | prediction | Hasan Basri Arifoglu et al.Aging Clin Exp Res . 2016 |
| subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) | machine | prediction | Jin Young Lee et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2013 |
| outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness | machine | prediction | Sam Sadigh et al.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci . 2013 |
| choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) | prediction | A R Frederick Jr et al.Retina . 1993 | |
| retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) | machine | prediction | Sasan Moghimi et al.Ophthalmology . 2018 |
| CVP in red-free RNFL images | blood | prediction | Yong Ju Song et al.pn J Ophthalmol . 2017 |
| RGC+IPL loss | machine | prediction | Alisa J Prager et al.JAMA Ophthalmol . 2017 |
| segmented IPL thickness | machine | prediction | Eun Kyoung Kim et al.PLoS One . 2017 |
| long anterior zonule (LAZ) | machine | prediction | Mona Khurana J Glaucoma . 2021 |
| papillomacular bundle defect (PMBD) | machine | diagnosis | Sung Uk Baek EPMA J . 2021 |
| central corneal thickness (CCT) | machine | prediction | Prasanna Venkatesh Ramesh J Clin Diagn Res . 2017 |
| prelaminar wedge defects (PLWDs) | machine | prognosis | Carolina A Chiou Curr Eye Res . 2021 |
| ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) | machine | diagnosis | Haein Moon .Br J Ophthalmol . 2015 |
| peripheral corneal thickness | machine | prognosis | Lisa Ramm .Curr Eye Res . 2020 |
| microvasculature dropout (MvD) | machine | prediction | Eun Ji Lee .Ophthalmol Glaucoma . Jan-Feb 2020 |
| retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning | machine | prediction | Aziz A Khanifar .Clin Ophthalmol . 2010 |
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